2022年考研英語初試試題與答案解析
2022-03-28點擊量：120
2022考研初試12月25~26日進行，2022考研初試情況,英語專業考研初試真題，為考生提供考研試題答案及答案解析內容，SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)HarlanCobenbelievesthatifyou’reawriter,you’llfindthetime;andthatifyoucan’tfindthetime,thenwritingisn’tapriorityandyou’renotawriter.Forhim,writingisa1job–ajoblikeanyother.Hehas2itwithplumbing,pointingatthataplumberdoesn’twakeupandsaythathecan’tworkwithpipestoday.3,likemostwritersthesedays,you’reholidaydownajobtopaythebills,it’snot4tofindthetimetowrite.Butit’snotimpossible.Itrequiresdeterminationandsingle-mindedness.5thatmostbestsellingauthorsbeganwritingwhentheyweredoingotherthingstoearnaliving.Andtoday,evenwriterswhoarefairly6oftenhavetodootherworkto7theirwritingincome.AsHarlanCobenhassuggested,it’sa8ofpriorities.Tomakewritingapriority,you’llhaveto9someofyourday-to-dayactivitiesandsomethingsyoureallyenjoy.Dependingonyour10andyourlifestyle,thatmightmeanspendinglesstimewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,thoughsomepeoplecanwrite11theylistentomusic.Youmighthaveto12theamountofexerciseorsportyoudo.You’llhavetomakesocialmediaan13activityratherthanadaily,time-consuming14.There’llprobablyhavetobelesssocializingwithyourfriendsandlesstimewithyourfamily.It’sa15learningcurve,anditwon’talwaysmakeyoupopular.There’sjustonethingyoushouldtrytokeepatleastsometimefor,16yourwriting–andthat’sreading.Anywriterneedstoreadasmuchandaswidelyastheycan;it’stheone17supporter–somethingyoucan’tdowithout.Timeisfinite.Theolderyouget,the18itseemstogo.Weneedtouseitascarefullyandas19aswecan.Thatmeansprioritisingouractivitiessothatwespendmosttimeonthethingswereallywanttodo.Ifyou’reawriter,thatmeans20writing.1.[A]difficult[B]normal[C]steady[D]pleasant2.[A]combined[B]compared[C]confused[D]confronted3.[A]If[B]Though[C]Once[D]Unless4.[A]enough[B]strange[C]wrong[D]easy5.[A]Accept[B]Explain[C]Remember[D]Suppose6.[A]well-known[B]well-advised[C]well-informed[D]well-chosen7.[A]donate[B]generate[C]supplement[D]calculate8.[A]cause[B]purpose[C]question[D]condition9.[A]highlight[B]sacrifice[C]continue[D]explore10.[A]relations[B]interests[C]memories[D]skills11.[A]until[B]because[C]while[D]before12.[A]putupwith[B]makeupfor[C]hangonto[D]cutdownon13.[A]intelligent[B]occasional[C]intensive[D]emotional14.[A]habit[B]test[C]decision[D]plan15.[A]tough[B]gentle[C]rapid[D]funny16.[A]inplaceof[B]inchargeof[C]inresponseto[D]inadditionto17.[A]indispensable[B]innovative[C]invisible[D]instant18.[A]duller[B]harder[C]quieter[D]quicker19.[A]peacefully[B]generously[C]productively[D]gratefully20[A]atmost[B]inturn[C]onaverage[D]aboveallSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text3Wehaveallencounteredthem,inbothourpersonalandprofessionallives.Thinkaboutthetimesyoufelttrickedorfrustratedbyamembershiporsubscriptionthathadaseamlesssign-upprocessbutwaslaterdifficulttocancel.Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbecomplicated,intentionallyorunintentionally,inwaysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseareexamplesofdarkpatterns.Firstcoinedin2010byuserexperienceexpertHarryBrignull,“darkpatterns"isacatch-alltermforpracticesthatmanipulateuserinterfacestoinfluencethedecision-makingabilityofusers.Brignullidentifies12typesofcommondarkpatterns,rangingfrommisdirectionandhiddencoststo“roachmotel”,whereauserexperienceseemseasyandintuitiveatthestart,butturnsdifficultwhentheusertriestogetout.Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000websites,researchersfoundthataboutonein10employsthesedesignpractices.Thoughwidelyprevalent,theconceptofdarkpatternsisstillnotwellunderstood.Businessandnonproftleadersshouldbeawareofdarkpatternsandtrytoavoidthegrayareastheyengender.Whereisthelinebetweenethical,persuasivedesignanddarkpatterns?BusinessesshouldengageinconversationswithIT,compliance,risk,andlegalteamstoreviewtheirprivacypolicy,andincludeinthediscussionthecustomer/userexperiencedesignersandcodersresponsibleforthecompany'suserinterface,aswellasthemarketersandadvertisersresponsibleforsign-ups,checkoutbaskets,pricing,andpromotions.Anyoralltheseteamscanplayaroleincreatingoravoiding“digitaldeception.”Lawmakersandregulatorsareslowlystartingtoaddresstheambiguityarounddarkpatterns,mostrecentlyatthestatelevel.InMarch,theCaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedtheapprovalofadditionalregulationsundertheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)that“ensurethatconsumerswillnotbeconfusedormisledwhenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights.”Theregulationsaimtobandarkpatterns-thismeansprohibitingcompaniesfromusing"confusinglanguageorunnecessarystepssuchasforcingthemtoclickthroughmultiplescreensorlistentoreasonswhytheyshouldn’toptout.”Asmorestatesconsiderpromulgatingadditionalregulations,thereisaneedforgreateraccountabilityfromwithinthebusinesscommunity.Darkpatternsalsocanbeaddressedonaself-regulatorybasis,butonlyiforganizationsholdthemselvesaccountable,notjusttolegalrequirements,butalsotoindustrybestpracticesandstandard.31.Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatdarkpatterns______.[A]improveuserexperiences[B]leakuserinformationforprofit[C]undermineusers’decision-making[D]remindusersofhiddencosts32.The2019studyondarkpatternsismentionedtoshow______.[A]theirmajorflaws[B]theircomplexdesigns[C]theirseveredamage[D]theirstrongpresence33.Tohandledigitaldeception,businessesshould______.[A]listentocustomerfeedback[B]talkwithrelevantteams[C]turntoindependentagencies[D]relyonprofessionaltraining34.TheadditionalregulationsundertheCCPAareintendedto______.[A]guideusersthroughopt-outprocesses[B]protectconsumersfrombeingtricked[C]grantcompaniesdataprivacyrights[D]restrictaccesstoproblematiccontent35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,akeytocopingwithdarkpatternsis______.[A]newlegalrequirements[B]businesses'self-discipline[C]strictregulatorystandards[D]consumers'safetyawarenessSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Althoughwetryourbest,sometimesourpaintingsrarelyturnoutasoriginallyplanned!Changesinthelight,thelimitationsofyourpalette,andjustplainoldlackofexperienceandtechniquemeanthatwhatyoustartouttryingtoachievesometimesdoesn’tcometolifethewaythatyouexpected.Althoughthiscanbefrustratinganddisappointing,itturnsoutthatthiscanactuallybegoodforyou!Unexpectedresultshavetwobenefits:forstarters,youprettyquicklylearntodealwithdisappointment,andintime(oftenthroughrepeatederror)torealisethatwhenonedoorcloses,anotheropens.Youquicklylearntoadaptandcomeupwithcreativesolutionstotheproblemsthepaintingpresents,andthismeansthatthinkingoutsidetheboxbecomessecondnaturetothepainter!Creativeproblemsolvingskillsareincrediblyusefulindailylife,andmeanyou’remorelikelytobeabletoquicklycomeupwithasolutionwhenaproblemarises.SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:Supposeyouareplanningacampusfoodfestival.Writeanemailtotheinternationalstudentsinyouruniversityto1)introducethefoodfestival,and2)invitethemtoparticipate.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameintheemail;use“LiMing”instead.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)...
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