1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的用法

    考點(diǎn):在以it作形式主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句中,主語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣來表示“建議、命令要求、決定和主張”等,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”, should可以省略。這種主語(yǔ)從句常見的有以下三種情況:

(1)“It is/was+表語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)從句”句型中,表語(yǔ)為形容詞。

    常見的此類形容詞有: appropriate, advisable essential important, insistent, adamant(堅(jiān)定的), imperative, natural, necessary, preferable, strange, better desirable, urgent, compulsory, vital.

    It is essential that you (should) win the voters' hearts.贏得選民的心是絕對(duì)有必要的。

    It is necessary that he( should)return the book immediately.他必須馬上還書。

(2)“It is/was+表語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)從句”句型中,表語(yǔ)為名詞。

    常見的此類名: suggestion, advice, demand, requirement, wish, order, commmand等。

    It was his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.他建議我們?nèi)ケ本┯^光。

    It is our demand that they(should) be questioned in public.我們要求公開審問他們。

(3)主句的謂語(yǔ)中含有某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。

    常見的此類過去分詞有 desired, demanded, ordered, required等

    It is required that middle school students (should)take exercise at least one hour every day.中學(xué)生被要求每天至少進(jìn)行一個(gè)小時(shí)的鍛煉。

    It was requested that the meeting (should) be cancelled.有人要求取消會(huì)議。

2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法

（1）在表示主張、命令、建議、要求等含義的動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,從句一般應(yīng)

    用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式, should可以省略。

    常見的此類動(dòng)詞有: advise,ask, determine, deride demand, command, insist(堅(jiān)持主張,堅(jiān)決要求)propose, order, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge, desire.

    He insisted that the meeting(should) be put off.他堅(jiān)持要求推遲那個(gè)會(huì)議。

（2）在以it為形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。

    在表示“看法”的動(dòng)詞consider,eem, think等后以it為形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句中可以用虛語(yǔ)氣,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”, should可以省略。這一句型中使用的形容詞(賓補(bǔ))與主語(yǔ)從句中使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)的形容詞相同。

    We think it advisable that he(should) think deeply before acting.我們認(rèn)為他在行動(dòng)之前好好考慮一下是明智的做法。

    consider it necessary that meeting(shouldbe held immediately.我認(rèn)為必須馬上召開會(huì)議。

（3）動(dòng)詞wish后跟的賓語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。

    在wish后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過去分詞”的形式表示對(duì)過去情況的假設(shè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 “would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式表示對(duì)將來情況的假設(shè)。

    I wish it were spring now.我希望現(xiàn)在是春天。

    My father wishes that he had gone to university.我父親希望自己上過大學(xué)。

（4）would rather等后接的賓語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法

    在 would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon would prefer等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)�來情況的虛擬;用“had+過去分詞”的形式表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬,意為“寧愿,但愿”。

    I would rather he didn't go now. 我寧愿他現(xiàn)在不走。

    I would rather you came next weekend.我寧愿你下周末過來。

（5）表示建議命令、主張、目的、計(jì)劃和愿望等含義的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式, should可以省略。

    常用的此類名詞有: decision, motion, suggestion, preference proposal, advice, recommendation，desire, demand，requirement, order, necessity, request, idea, resolution, pray等。

    His proposal is that we( should ) get rid of bad habits.他提議我們應(yīng)摒棄不良習(xí)慣。